French report 1999

French report, RESER 1998 R � s e a u E u r o p � e n S e r v i c e s & E s p a c e

- SERVICES ET INTERNATIONALISATION -

Rapport de l'�quipe fran�aise

Jean Philippe

"L'internationalisation des services financiers",
LAUBIER Dominique, 1986, Economie et prospective internationale, Revue du CEPII, N�26, pp.61-85

This paper focus on the internationalization process of financial services, showing the different stages of the process and the implication of banks according to countries of origin : US, United Kingdom, France, Japan and Persian Golf petroleum countries. It deals after withe causes of this process : to follow international clients, to take part to international financial deals and to be an actor of the global fiancial market.

"Les exportations de services de gestion et de promotion immobili�re"
POLESE Mario, ARCHAMBAULT Julie, GAUDREAU Marcel, VERRAULT Roger, 1989, Institut de Recherches Politiques, Halifax, Nouvelle-�cosse, Canada.

This study analyses the international expansion of real estate firms. It deals first with some conceptual questions regarding real estate services : what is a real estate service and how is formed the competitive advantagesof this kind of services ? Then the study does an empirical analysis of canadian real estate firms present on international markets and analyses their structures and their competitive advantages.

"Service : le boom" MOCI, 1989, N�891, 23 octobre

This is a special issue of the MOCI, the French official weekly magazine devoted to international trade. There are articles on Bank networks, international consultancy firms, retail firms, ships maintenance, air transport firms, european services markets, etc..

"Les services, nouvelle donne de l'�conomie"
NUSBAUMER Jacques, 1984, Economica, Paris.

This book gives many insights on the international service trade showing the difficulties of "pure international trade theory" to integrate the service trade.

"Les exportations de services par les firmes canadiennes g�nie-conseil �volution r�cente et avantages concurrentiel"
POLESE Mario, VERRAULT Roger, 1989, Institut de Recherches Politiques, Halifax, Nouvelle-�cosse, Canada.

This study analyse the technical consultancy firms. It gives first some elements on the nature of the technical consultancy service, the firms usual organization and the nature of market competitiveness. Then it explain the role of the technology in the creation of the consultancy service, humlan technology or know-how and information technology. The last part is devoted to the study of the canadian sector of technical consultancy.

"Comp�titivit� et �changes internationaux dans une �conomie de service",
de BANDT Jacques, 1991, Revue d'�conomie industrielle, n�55, pp.108-117

This article shows how the international trade theories (HOS Theorem) can't integrate all the elements of service market competitiveness, mainly the qualitative factor, the co-production with the client and the information dimension of services.

"Strat�gies internationales des PME de services",
PHILIPPE Jean, 1995, in PME et grands march�s, JULIEN P-A., LEO P-Y. et PHILIPPE J. (eds.), L'Harmattan, Paris.

This chapter deals with the particularities of small and medium size service firm involved in international trade. The small size does not impede international development but firms which succeed in the international manage very well netwoks and prefer to choose near countries to expand than.

"L'internationalisation des services, logiques, processus et structures en r�seaux",
MAYERE Anne, 1990, CEDES, Ecully

This survey analyse three sectors : advertising, audit and technical consultancy. It shows the differences in the patterns of internationalization of these sectors and try to explain the causes of the differences. We can note the function of service in the client organization (control (audit) or creative work (adverstising and technical engineering) as well as the standardization of service and the frequence of service encounters have an influence on the capacity of firms to internationalize.

"L'accord international de 1993-94 sur le commerce des services",
BARCET Andr� et BONAMY Joel, 1994, Revue d'�conomie industrielle, n�68, pp.99-106

This paper presents the agreement on services international trade signed at Marrakech in 1995, assess its importance for trade and foresse its consequences for firms. Then it gives some clues on the future negociation round.

"Formes de services et modes d'internationalisation des �conomies",
PETIT Pascal, 1994, in Relations de service, march�s de services, de BANDT J. et GADREY J. (eds), CNRS �ditions, Paris.

This chapter deals with the role of service activities in the economic integration of countries : service firms trade, but also services sold with goods on international markets are taken into consideration. Services take an important part in the globalization process and the chapter shows that in analysing the increase of exchange, the growing mobility of financial investment. The demonstration is supported by cases analysis : retail services, banking and financial services, management consultancy and audit services.

"Strat�gies tertiaires des exportateurs industriels"
LEO Pierre-Yves & PHILIPPE Jean, 1999, , �conomies et soci�t�s, �conomie et gestion des services, n�5, pp.17-43

This paper is based on a large survey (8500 firms'answers) on the association of services to products by French exporters. That "tertiarization" concerns only one third of the firms. It seems, however to endow them with additional dynamism in foreign markets. Two prevaling logics of product services have been identified: one is that of technical environment of the product, which is used mainly by capital goods, the other is logistic environment, which primarily concerns the others sectors. The main spring of this tertiarisation is the complexity of the product which concern sectors to very different degrees. The level of organization and the type of export are also relevant. The main strategical objectives are market oriented: services are added to product to obtain competitive edge. Branching out into the tertiairy sector concerns only few firms.

"Internationalisation of service activities in the Haute Garonne"
LEO Pierre-Yves & PHILIPPE Jean, 1999,. Paper presented to the IX RESER Conference, Alcala, Spain.

The purpose of this paper is first to identify the strategies developped by firms and to compare them to the globalisation strategies of big companies. A dynamical and relatively diversified gathering of internationalised service companies is identified in Haute Garonne. Three large sectors are very active : technical consultancy, management consultancy and logistics : their international process and their networks are noticeable.

"E-trade and services"
MONNOYER Marie-Christine 1999 , Paper presented to the IX RESER Conference, Alcala, Spain.

This paper focus on the electronic exchange between producer, client and intermediate firms in the retail sector. The paper points out the service dimension of electronic business. It proposes two differentiation criteria between web sites according to service interaction analysis.

"La p�n�tration �trang�re en France et fran�aise � l'�tranger dans les activit�s de commerce et services",
THUILLIER J.P., 1990, IRED, Universit� de Rouen.

This statistical survey analyses the part of foreign affiliates in service sectors en France et of French subsidiary in foreign markets. The analysis is conducted in terms of number of firms, value added, emplyement and investment.

"Les d�terminants de la multinationalisation des entreprises de services",
THUILLIER J.P., 1988, Revue d'�conomie industrielle, n�45, pp.44-57.

This paper analyses the determinants of service firms internationalization : neccessity to follow their clients, growth strategis but also reply to international market liberalization are illustrated.

"Les services dans le commerce international",
CIABRINI Sylvie, 1996, Presses universitaires de France, Que sais-je.

This book deals with the institutional and legal aspects of service international trade The GATS agreement is analysed in all aspects.

Wednesday April 21, 2004

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